Conflicts of interest for power are commonplace not only in modern times but have existed long before the classical era. In the Islamic world, several conflicts triggered considerable divisions in theology and some of them occurred in the early days of Islam (Khulafaur Rasyidin). This research will discuss the conflict over the sole power as caliph that occurred during the reign of Yazid bin Muawiyah 61 AH/680 CE. This research uses historical methodology by using written sources obtained through literature study (Library Research) which is considered relevant to the chosen topic, the data that has been obtained is then processed according to qualitative research rules using theological, political, and social approaches. The results of this study indicate that the rejection movement of Hussein bin Ali over the leadership of Yazid bin Muawiyah was based on the appointment of Yazid did not meet the requirements of deliberation so he was not fit to be the leader of Muslims. Therefore, Husein initiated a movement to formulate and take over the caliphate based on the law of shura that had existed at the time of the previous caliphs. The impact of this conflict was the growing feud between Ali's Shia group and Muawiyah's (Sunni) group. Throughout its history, the opposition between these two groups has expanded to enter the realm of theology to this day.