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This study aims to investigate the impact of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method on students’ motivation and learning outcomes in Islamic Education (PAI) at SMPN 1 Pajukukang, Bantaeng Regency. A quantitative approach was employed using a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. The findings indicate that the implementation of PBL has a positive effect on both students’ motivation and their academic performance. In the experimental group, the average learning motivation increased from 51.17% (pretest) to 71.87% (posttest), outperforming the control group, which only reached 54.04%. Furthermore, students’ learning outcomes improved significantly, as reflected by the experimental group’s average posttest score of 81.82, compared to 71.42 in the control group. PBL enables students to actively explore their abilities through real-world problem-solving, encourages them to express opinions confidently, and enhances their comprehension of learning material. Nevertheless, the successful implementation of this method requires thorough preparation by educators, particularly in designing structured learning steps and selecting relevant, contextually appropriate problems. In conclusion, Problem-Based Learning is shown to be an effective pedagogical approach for enhancing both motivation and learning outcomes in Islamic Education. As such, it presents a promising alternative to conventional teaching methods for improving instructional quality in schools.