This paper aims to describe the relationship between Islam and Judaism in the Modern Era.The three main points answered in this paper are; The method used is the method of writing history which includes heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The historical method is helpful for systematically and objectively reconstructing the past to reach a complete conclusion. The study results show that the modern era's relationship between Islam and Judaism is Islam and Jews as a nation designation for the nation of the descendants of Prophet Ishaq (son of Prophet Abraham). Judaism as a religion is a divine religion broadcast by the Prophet Moses, guided by the Torah. In the history of its journey, Jews developed rapidly in Israel, while Muslims developed in various regions and countries; even in its history, Islam once dominated Western power, which led the world towards high civilization and culture. Relations between Islam and Judaism were initially quite open, evidenced in the order of life of the people of Medina under the reign of the Prophet Muhammad. However, it didn't last long because the Jews wanted to dominate by instilling influence on the Muslims, then they (Jews) failed, and consequently, they were expelled.