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This study aims to examine the impact of banking service quality on customer satisfaction and competitive advantage, focusing on Libyan commercial banks, particularly Jumhouria Bank in Almurqab, Alkhums City. The research identifies service quality as a critical factor in achieving customer loyalty and strengthening banks’ positions in an increasingly competitive market. Utilizing the SERVQUAL model, the study assesses five key dimensions: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. Data were collected through surveys and interviews, and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Findings are expected to highlight which service quality dimensions most significantly influence customer satisfaction and contribute to competitive advantage. The results are anticipated to offer theoretical insights into the banking service quality framework and practical guidance for Libyan banks to improve service delivery, retain customers, and enhance competitiveness in a dynamic financial environment.