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This  study  aims  to  analyse  the  role  and  influence  of  Bugis  ethnicity  in  the Sultanate of Aceh during the period 1727-1903 CE. This study uses a historical approach and combines qualitative-descriptive methods. The results show that the ethnic Bugis played an important role in the political, economic and cultural dynamics of the Aceh Sultanate. Their contributions not only strengthened the Sultanate's power structure, but also  created networks that expanded Aceh's influence in the Southeast Asian region. The findings provide new insights into cross-ethnic interactions in building Islamic civilisation in the archipelago.