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The architecture of mosques in South Sulawesi has religious values and important social and cultural functions in people's lives. This research aims to reveal the development of mosque architecture in South Sulawesi as a reflection of the development of Islamic civilization in the South Sulawesi region from the 16th century to the 20th century. Through an in-depth analysis of five representative old mosques, namely the Old Mosque of Hilal Katangka Gowa, the Old Mosque of Jami Palopo, the Old Mosque of Gattarang Selayar, the Old Mosque of Jarrae Sidrap, and the Old Mosque of Tondon Enrekang, this study identifies the distinctive characteristics of mosque architecture in each period. The focus of the analysis includes the shape of the building, the type of roof, ornaments, construction materials, building structures, and interior spatial planning. This research uses a qualitative approach, data is collected through direct observation, interviews with community leaders and local historians, and literature studies related to Islamic history and architecture in South Sulawesi. The results of the study show that there are interesting dynamics in the development of mosque architecture in this region, which are influenced by various factors, such as the influence of outside culture, socio-economic conditions, and technological developments. This study concludes that mosque architecture in South Sulawesi not only reflects religious values but also becomes a representation of the cultural identity of the local community. In addition, this research also contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of Islamic history and the development of civilization in South Sulawesi.